This track is part of the MaveMD collection. It draws each clinically curated score set as a variant effect map: one column per amino acid position, placed at that codon's genomic coordinates, and one row per substitution. A gene measured by several score sets gets one map per score set, stacked.
The map is the view for seeing the shape of a result rather than a single variant. Runs of red mark stretches of the protein where substitution is damaging, such as a folded domain or an active site; runs of blue mark stretches that tolerate it. Individual measurements, with their assay scores, assay metadata and ClinVar and gnomAD annotations, are in the MaveMD Variants track, which also explains why a raw functional score cannot be compared between score sets.
Only single amino acid substitutions can be drawn here. Nucleotide-level variants outside coding sequence, insertions and deletions appear in the Variants track alone. Many of the maps are colored by a calibration MaveDB marks research use only; the item details name the calibration used for each map and say whether it carries that flag.
Rows are the 20 amino acids, grouped by chemical similarity, with a final row for nonsense variants. The row label is the single-letter code. A synonymous measurement fills the cell of the reference residue, so that row is not necessarily empty. An empty cell means that substitution was not measured.
One calibration colors a whole map, so its cells can be compared with each other. Where MaveDB designates no primary calibration for a score set, the one that classifies the most of its variants is used. Cells carry the ACMG/AMP functional evidence code on the same scale as the MaveMD Variants track:
| PS3, very strong | |
| PS3, strong | |
| PS3, moderate plus | |
| PS3, moderate | |
| PS3, supporting | |
| Evidence not met: measured and calibrated, but the score reaches no threshold in either direction | |
| BS3, supporting | |
| BS3, moderate | |
| BS3, moderate plus | |
| BS3, strong | |
| BS3, very strong |
Score sets that classify their variants without assigning an ACMG code are a measurement rather than a clinical claim, and use a separate palette:
| Abnormal function measured, no ACMG evidence code assigned | |
| Indeterminate | |
| Normal function measured, no ACMG evidence code assigned | |
| Measured, but no calibration covers this variant |
A cell marked with a plus sign had more than one nucleotide change measured for the same amino acid substitution, and shows the strongest evidence among them. An exclamation mark means those measurements disagree about whether the effect is damaging or normal, which is worth checking in the Variants track.
The item name filter takes a regular expression matched against the gene symbol and the MaveDB score set identifier, which is how to narrow the display to one score set. Each item's details carry that score set's assay metadata: what it measured, in what model system, and how its variant library was built.
MaveMD curates MaveDB score sets for clinical relevance and annotates them with the metadata a laboratory needs to judge whether an assay supports a variant classification (McEwen et al.). A calibration divides a score set's score range into functional classes; where those classes were compared against variants of known clinical significance, the calibration also carries an ACMG/AMP evidence strength derived from the odds of pathogenicity, following the ClinGen recommendations for the PS3/BS3 criterion (Brnich et al.).
Data are downloaded from the MaveDB API, one request per score set. Each measurement is placed by resolving its protein accession to a transcript and walking that transcript's coding bases to the requested codon, through RefSeq for RefSeq accessions and GENCODE for Ensembl ones. Columns are ordered by genomic coordinate, so a gene on the minus strand reads from its C terminus to its N terminus, and a codon split across an exon junction is drawn on the longest contiguous run of its bases.
The build scripts are in the kent source tree, the steps that run them in the makeDoc, and the track configuration in human/hg38/mavemd.ra. The makeDoc records the counts for each build.
The data can be explored interactively in table format with the Table Browser or the Data Integrator and exported from there to spreadsheet or tab-sep tables. From scripts, the data can be accessed through our API, track=mavemdMap. Note that each row is a whole map, with its scores and labels held in comma-separated matrix fields; for per-variant records use the MaveMD Variants track instead.
For automated download and analysis, the genome annotation is stored in a bigBed file that can be downloaded from our download server. The file for this track is called mavemdMap.bb. Individual regions or the whole genome annotation can be obtained using our tool bigBedToBed, which can be compiled from the source code or downloaded as a precompiled binary for your system. Instructions for downloading source code and binaries can be found here. The tool can also be used to obtain features within a given range, e.g. bigBedToBed http://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/gbdb/$db/mavemd/mavemdMap.bb -chrom=chr17 -start=7668402 -end=7687550 stdout
The original annotation source data can be downloaded from the MaveDB API at https://api.mavedb.org.
Thanks to Alan Rubin, Benjamin Capodanno and Jeremy Stone of the MaveDB team for curating the MaveMD collection and for advice on retrieving it, and to the many groups whose experiments make up the underlying score sets. The heatmap display was built by Jonathan Casper for the MaveDB track.
McEwen AE, Stone J, Tejura M, Gupta P, Capodanno BJ, Da EY, Grindstaff SB, Moore N, Reinhart D, Snyder AE et al. MaveMD: A functional data resource for genomic medicine. medRxiv. 2025 Nov 19;. PMID: 41332838; PMC: PMC12668102
Rubin AF, Stone J, Bianchi AH, Capodanno BJ, Da EY, Dias M, Esposito D, Frazer J, Fu Y, Grindstaff SB et al. MaveDB 2024: a curated community database with over seven million variant effects from multiplexed functional assays. Genome Biol. 2025 Jan 21;26(1):13. PMID: 39838450; PMC: PMC11753097
Arbesfeld JA, Da EY, Stevenson JS, Kuzma K, Paul A, Farris T, Capodanno BJ, Grindstaff SB, Riehle K, Saraiva-Agostinho N et al. Mapping MAVE data for use in human genomics applications. Genome Biol. 2025 Jun 25;26(1):179. PMID: 40563119; PMC: PMC12188674
Brnich SE, Abou Tayoun AN, Couch FJ, Cutting GR, Greenblatt MS, Heinen CD, Kanavy DM, Luo X, McNulty SM, Starita LM et al. Recommendations for application of the functional evidence PS3/BS3 criterion using the ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation framework. Genome Med. 2019 Dec 31;12(1):3. PMID: 31892348; PMC: PMC6938631